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系统运维
一、说明：fpm的功能就是将一种类型的包转换成另一种类型
fpm支持的源类型包：
dir :将目录打包成所需要的类型用于源码编译安装的软件包；
rpm:对rpm进行转换；
gem:对rubygem包进行转换；
python:将python模块打包成相应的类型
fpm支持的目标类型包：
rpm:转换为rpm包
deb:转换为deb包
solari:转换为solaris包
puppet:转换成pupper包
fpm常用参数：
-s:指定源类型；
-t:指定目标类型，即想要制作什么包；
-n:指定包的名字
-v:指定包的版本号
-c: 指定打包的相对路径
-d:指定依赖于哪些包；
-f:第二次包时目录下如果有同名安装包存在，则覆盖它；
-p:制作的rpm安装包存放路径，不指定就在当前目录下；
--post-install:软件包安装完成之后所要运行的脚本；
--post-uninstall:软件包卸载完成之后所要运行的脚本；
--pre-install:软件包安装完成之前所要运行的脚本；
--pre-uninstall:软件包卸载完成之前所要运行的脚本；
--prefix:制作好的rpm包默认安装路径
二、安装fpm
#yum install –y ruby rubygems ruby-devel #安装fpm前需要先安装ruby,rubygem;
#移除原生的ruby仓库，添加淘宝的ruby仓库：
# gem sources --add http://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove http://rubygems.org/
http://gems.ruby-china.com/ added to sources
http://rubygems.org/ removed from sources
[root@jump ~]# gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
http://gems.ruby-china.com/
[root@jump ~]# gem install fpm
ERROR: Error installing fpm:
ffi requires Ruby version >= 1.9. #安装出现这种错误，请先安装ffi,json,同时也是ruby版本太低的缘故了；
#gem install json –v 1.8.0
#gem install ffi -v 1.9.18
#wget https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.5/ruby-2.5.3.tar.gz
#tar xf ruby-2.5.3.tar.gz
#cd ruby-2.5.3
#./configure –prefix=/usr/local/ruby
#make && make install
#echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/ruby/bin” >>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
[root@jump ruby-2.5.3]# gem install fpm #安装fpm时出现如下错误，
ERROR: Loading command: install (LoadError)
cannot load such file -- zlib
ERROR: While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)
undefined method `invoke_with_build_args\' for nil:NilClass
查过资料，是因为没有安装zlib-devel的缘故
安装zlib-devel
#yum install –y zlib-devel
#cd ruby-2.5.3/ext/zlib
#ruby ./extconf.rb #当这一步出现如下错误：make: *** No rule to make target `/include/ruby.h\', needed by `zlib.o\'. Stop.请进行这一步操作：
#vim ruby-2.5.3/ext/zlib/Makefile
#zlib.o: $(top_srcdir)/include/ruby.h #把这一行替换成下面一行
zlib.o: ../../include/ruby.h
#make && make install
#gem install fpm
Fetching: stud-0.0.23.gem (100%)
Successfully installed stud-0.0.23
Fetching: cabin-0.9.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cabin-0.9.0
Fetching: clamp-1.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed clamp-1.0.1
Fetching: mustache-0.99.8.gem (100%)
Successfully installed mustache-0.99.8
Fetching: insist-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed insist-1.0.0
Fetching: dotenv-2.5.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed dotenv-2.5.0
Fetching: pleaserun-0.0.30.gem (100%)
Successfully installed pleaserun-0.0.30
Fetching: ffi-1.9.25.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.25
Fetching: io-like-0.3.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed io-like-0.3.0
Fetching: ruby-xz-0.2.3.gem (100%)
Successfully installed ruby-xz-0.2.3
Fetching: childprocess-0.9.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed childprocess-0.9.0
Fetching: arr-pm-0.0.10.gem (100%)
Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.10
Fetching: backports-3.11.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed backports-3.11.4
Fetching: json-1.8.6.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed json-1.8.6
Successfully installed fpm-1.10.2
Parsing documentation for stud-0.0.23
Installing ri documentation for stud-0.0.23
Parsing documentation for cabin-0.9.0
Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.9.0
Parsing documentation for clamp-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for clamp-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for mustache-0.99.8
Installing ri documentation for mustache-0.99.8
Parsing documentation for insist-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for insist-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for dotenv-2.5.0
Installing ri documentation for dotenv-2.5.0
Parsing documentation for pleaserun-0.0.30
Installing ri documentation for pleaserun-0.0.30
Parsing documentation for ffi-1.9.25
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.25
Parsing documentation for io-like-0.3.0
Installing ri documentation for io-like-0.3.0
Parsing documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3
Installing ri documentation for ruby-xz-0.2.3
Parsing documentation for childprocess-0.9.0
Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.9.0
Parsing documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10
Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.10
Parsing documentation for backports-3.11.4
Installing ri documentation for backports-3.11.4
Parsing documentation for json-1.8.6
Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.6
Parsing documentation for fpm-1.10.2
Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.10.2
Done installing documentation for stud, cabin, clamp, mustache, insist, dotenv, pleaserun, ffi, io-like, ruby-xz, childprocess, arr-pm, backports, json, fpm after 28 seconds
15 gems installed
至此fpm安装成功了；
三、打包：
# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.14.1 -d \'pcre-devel,openssl-devel\' --post-install /server/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f /application/nginx-1.14.1/