平台环境：
源OS：Oracle Linux 7.3
源DB：Oracle Database 12.1.0.2
目标OS：Oracle Linux 7.3
目标DB：Oracle Database 12.1.0.2
一、准备工作
1、查询当前SCN
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SQL> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
---------------
5965538762695
2、显示当前DBID和DBName
SQL> select dbid,name from v$database;
DBID NAME
---------- ---------
357998902 PROD
3、对当前重做日志进行归档
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
注：ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT; 可以保证数据的一致性，而Alter system switch logfile;不能保证数据一致性。
4、准备备份数据
（1）0级备份，1级增量备份，备份时产生的FRA文件
（2）备份ARCHIVELOG 文件
（3）备份参数文件，命令：backup spfile format '/backup/rman_backup/spfile%d_%s_%p_%u.%'
mkdir -p /mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive
注：（1）的文件传输到/mnt/data/backup/PBF
（2）的文件传输到/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive
二、异机恢复步骤
1、创建密码文件
orapwd file=/mnt/data/PBF/db/12.1.0/dbs/orapwPROD password=oracle entrie=5 format=12
2、准备环境和initPROD.ora
export ORACLE_SID=PROD
echo $ORACLE_SID
vi initPROD.ora
db_name = PROD
3、将数据库启动到nomount状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile=/mnt/data/PBF/db/12.1.0/dbs/initPROD.ora;
or
startup nomount;
4、恢复参数文件并修改参数文件
rman target /
restore spfile to pfile '/mnt/data/PBF/db/12.1.0/dbs/initPROD2.ora' from '/mnt/data/backup/PBF/spfilePROD_2402_1_b2stkm1i';
（1）创建路径：
mkdir -p /mnt/data/PBF/db/archive
mkdir -p /mnt/data/PBF/db/db_recovery_dest
（2）修改pfile中的以下参数：
control_files
diagnostic_dest
db_recovery_file_dest
（3）重新启动
shutdown abort;
startup nomount;
5、恢复控制文件，修改数据库到mount状态，并交叉检查备份集
rman target /
restore controlfile from '/mnt/data/backup/PBF/cntrl_20180312.ctl';
alter database mount;
crosscheck backupset;
6、注册备份集文件和FRA中的文件，交叉检查备份集，并删除过期的备份集
catalog start with '/mnt/data/backup/PBF/';
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt expired backupset;
7、注册archivelog
CATALOG archivelog '/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2213_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2214_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2215_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2216_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2217_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2218_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2219_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2220_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2221_946160568.dbf','/mnt/data/backup/PBF/archive/1_2222_946160568.dbf';
8、由于路径不一样，使用以下语句批量生成
select 'set newname for datafile '|| file_id || ' to ''/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/' ||
substr(name,
instr(name,'/', -1) + 1) || ''';'
from v$datafile
order by file#;
9、在rman中执行以下脚本
run
{
allocate channel ch2 device type disk;
allocate channel ch3 device type disk;
allocate channel ch4 device type disk;
set newname for datafile 1 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 2 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 3 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 4 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 5 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 6 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/ctxd01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 7 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/owad01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 8 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_queue02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 9 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/odm.dbf';
set newname for datafile 10 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/olap.dbf';
set newname for datafile 11 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/sysaux01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 12 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/apps_ts_tools01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 13 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system12.dbf';
set newname for datafile 14 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 15 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind06.dbf';
set newname for datafile 16 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 17 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_int02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 18 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/sysaux02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 19 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system13.dbf';
set newname for datafile 20 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system14.dbf';
set newname for datafile 21 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system15.dbf';
set newname for datafile 22 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system16.dbf';
set newname for datafile 23 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system17.dbf';
set newname for datafile 24 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system18.dbf';
set newname for datafile 25 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system19.dbf';
set newname for datafile 26 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system20.dbf';
set newname for datafile 27 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system21.dbf';
set newname for datafile 28 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system22.dbf';
set newname for datafile 29 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system23.dbf';
set newname for datafile 30 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system24.dbf';
set newname for datafile 31 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system25.dbf';
set newname for datafile 32 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 33 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 34 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref06.dbf';
set newname for datafile 35 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/undo02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 36 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/cux_data01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 37 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/cux_ind01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 38 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/undo03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 39 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/undo04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 40 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/undo05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 41 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 42 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 43 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 44 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/sysaux03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 45 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 46 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind07.dbf';
set newname for datafile 47 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind08.dbf';
set newname for datafile 48 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 49 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data06.dbf';
set newname for datafile 50 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_queue03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 51 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/ctxd02';
set newname for datafile 52 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media06.dbf';
set newname for datafile 53 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media07.dbf';
set newname for datafile 54 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/sysaux04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 55 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media08.dbf';
set newname for datafile 56 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media09.dbf';
set newname for datafile 57 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/sysaux05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 58 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind09.dbf';
set newname for datafile 59 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data07.dbf';
set newname for datafile 60 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media10.dbf';
set newname for datafile 61 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media11.dbf';
set newname for datafile 62 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media12.dbf';
set newname for datafile 63 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media13.dbf';
set newname for datafile 64 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media14.dbf';
set newname for datafile 65 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media15.dbf';
set newname for datafile 66 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media16.dbf';
set newname for datafile 67 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media17.dbf';
set newname for datafile 68 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media18.dbf';
set newname for datafile 69 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_queue04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 70 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media19.dbf';
set newname for datafile 71 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media20.dbf';
set newname for datafile 72 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media21.dbf';
set newname for datafile 288 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system10.dbf';
set newname for datafile 295 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system06.dbf';
set newname for datafile 314 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/portal01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 351 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system07.dbf';
set newname for datafile 352 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system09.dbf';
set newname for datafile 353 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system08.dbf';
set newname for datafile 354 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/system11.dbf';
set newname for datafile 379 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/undo01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 392 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 393 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 394 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 395 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_int01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 396 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_summ01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 397 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_nolog01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 398 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_archive01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 399 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_queue01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 400 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_media01.dbf';
set newname for datafile 401 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 402 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_data03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 403 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind02.dbf';
set newname for datafile 404 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind03.dbf';
set newname for datafile 405 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind04.dbf';
set newname for datafile 406 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_txn_ind05.dbf';
set newname for datafile 407 to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/a_ref02.dbf';
restore database;
restore archivelog from logseq 2213 until logseq 2222;
switch datafile all;
recover database until scn 5965538762695;
release channel ch2;
release channel ch3;
release channel ch4;
}
10、联机在线日志的处理
（1）生成处理脚本查询：
set linesize 180 pagesize 100
select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redoXXX.log'';' from v\$logfile;
（2）处理脚本：
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log02a.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo02a.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log02b.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo02b.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log01a.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo01a.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log01b.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo01b.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log03a.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo03a.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log04a.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo04a.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log05a.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo05a.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log03b.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo03b.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log04b.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo04b.log';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/log05b.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo05b.log';
11、临时表空间文件的处理
（1）生成处理脚本查询：
set linesize 180 pagesize 100
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/tempXXX.dbf'';' from v$tempfile;
（2）处理脚本：
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp11.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp11.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp21.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp21.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp12.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp12.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp22.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp22.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp32.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp32.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp42.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp42.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp13.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp13.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp33.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp33.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp43.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp43.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp31.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp31.dbf';
alter database rename file '/data/prod/proddata/temp41.dbf' to '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/temp41.dbf';
12、处理 redolog重建时出现的 ORA-00312错误
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00392: log 4 of thread 1 is being cleared, operation not allowed
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo04a.log'
ORA-00312: online log 4 thread 1: '/mnt/data/PBF/db/proddata/redo04b.log'
（1）查询redolog文件及其状态
col group# form 99
col bytes form 99999999999
col status form a20
select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;
（2）修改redolog文件的状态
alter database clear logfile group 1;
alter database clear logfile group 2;
alter database clear logfile group 3;
alter database clear logfile group 4;
alter database clear logfile group 5;
（3）再次确认其状态
select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;
13、使用resetlogs方式打开
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
14、创建新的spfile文件
create spfile from pfile;
15、重新启动并备份数据库
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