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kubeadm安装Kubernetes1.15安装部署详解-Part2-创新互联

前提

Kubernetes发布了今年第二大版本 Kubernetes 1.15，此次版本共更新加强了25个相关功能，其中2个升级到GA版本，13个升级到beta版，10个alpha版。

10年积累的成都网站设计、成都网站建设经验，可以快速应对客户对网站的新想法和需求。提供各种问题对应的解决方案。让选择我们的客户得到更好、更有力的网络服务。我虽然不认识你，你也不认识我。但先网站制作后付款的网站建设流程，更有和县免费网站建设让你可以放心的选择与我们合作。

Kubernetes 从1.14版本开始引入了新功能，用于动态地将主节点添加到群集。无需在节点之间复制证书和密钥，从而减轻了自举过程中的额外编排和复杂性。本文就使用这个新特性进行部署。整体部署过程多快好省！

初始化群集并系统环境 (所有节点上进行如下操作)

1.设置主机名hostname，管理节点设置主机名为 master 。
2.编辑 /etc/hosts 文件，添加域名解析。
3.关闭防火墙、selinux和swap。
4.配置内核参数，将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
5.配置国内yum源

yum install -y wget
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak && mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache

6.配置国内Kubernetes源

cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

EOF

安装必须软件(所有节点上进行如下操作)

1:安装docker

添加docker-ce repo文件

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

2:安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
Kubeadm是Kubernetes集群管理工具。
Kubelet负责与其他节点集群通信，并进行本节点Pod和容器生命周期的管理。
Kubeadm是Kubernetes的自动化部署工具，降低了部署难度，提高效率。

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
systemctl enable kubelet

集群部署

节点角色介绍

[kub-master]        节点名称                部署服务
172.20.101.157 name=kubm-01  docker、keepalived、nginx、etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
172.20.101.164 name=kubm-02  docker、keepalived、nginx、etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
172.20.101.165 name=kubm-03  docker、keepalived、nginx、etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler

[kub-node]
172.20.101.160 name=kubnode-01 kubelet、docker、kube_proxy
172.20.101.166 name=kubnode-02 kubelet、docker、kube_proxy
172.20.101.167 name=kubnode-03 kubelet、docker、kube_proxy

新建安装部署目录

mkdir -p /etc/kuber/kubeadm

创建一个初始初始化文件 （kubm-01执行）

我使用的flannel 网络插件需要配置网络参数 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 。

vim /etc/kuber/kubeadm/kubeadm-config.yaml

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: stable
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.20.101.252:16443"
networking:
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.245.0.0/16
注意我使用nginx做的代理

master上面都配置Nginx反向代理 API Server

API Server使用 6443 端口；
Nginx 代理端口为 16443 端口；
172.20.101.252 是master节点的vip。

推荐清理环境

如果之前配置过k8s或者首次配置没有成功等情况，推荐把系统环境清理一下,每一个节点。

systemctl stop kubelet
docker rm -f -v $(docker ps  -a -q)

rm -rf /etc/kubernetes
rm -rf  /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf   /var/lib/kubelet
rm -rf  $HOME/.kube/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

yum reinstall -y kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable kubelet

使用upload-certs和config指定初始化集群。

kubeadm init \
    --config=/etc/kuber/kubeadm/kubeadm-config.yaml \
    --upload-certs \
    --control-plane

第一台master节点初始化返回结果

在执行节点上执行如下操作，初始化一下k8s环境。
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
添加master节点执行如下操作

  kubeadm join 172.20.101.252:16443 --token slsxxo.5aiu0lqpxy61n8ah \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2c3286ca0ac761ff7e29f590545d3370f801854158e7c6adde586ba96f1a6675 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 1a139dc53b553091c59262b2f08b948848d7cda7e9cb0169c3f2e3db480ea255
添加nodes节点执行如下操作
kubeadm join 172.20.101.252:16443 --token slsxxo.5aiu0lqpxy61n8ah \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2c3286ca0ac761ff7e29f590545d3370f801854158e7c6adde586ba96f1a6675

列出可用的令牌kubeadm。

[root@kubm-01 ~]# 

kubeadm  token list

TOKEN                     TTL       EXPIRES                     USAGES                   DESCRIPTION                                           EXTRA GROUPS
ezwzjn.9uslrdvu8y3o7hxc   23h       2019-06-27T13:29:21+08:00   authentication,signing                                                   system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
nt7p9j.dgnf30gcr4bxg1le   1h        2019-06-26T15:29:20+08:00                      Proxy for managing TTL for the kubeadm-certs secret

检查命名空间中的kubeadm-cert秘密kube-system。

kubectl get secrets -n kube-system kubeadm-certs -o yaml

配置kubectl访问环境。

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

查看系统环境镜像启动

[root@kubm-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5c98db65d4-bdjh7          0/1     Pending   0          71s
coredns-5c98db65d4-xvvpl          0/1     Pending   0          71s
etcd-kubm-01                      1/1     Running   0          20s
kube-apiserver-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          34s
kube-controller-manager-kubm-01   1/1     Running   0          14s
kube-proxy-l29hl                  1/1     Running   0          70s
kube-scheduler-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          32s

只用dns服务pending，在添加网络模块后会自动修复。

部署flannel网络

使用与podSubnet上面配置匹配的pod CIDR 安装CNI插件,按照实际情况修改。

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/a70459be0084506e4ec919aa1c114638878db11b/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

验证1个master节点是Ready。

kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION   
kubm-01   Ready    master   7m2s   v1.15.0

再次验证kube-systempod是Running。

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

[root@kubm-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
etcd-kubm-01                      1/1     Running   0          80s
kube-apiserver-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          94s
kube-controller-manager-kubm-01   1/1     Running   0          74s
kube-proxy-l29hl                  1/1     Running   0          2m10s
kube-scheduler-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          92s
coredns-5c98db65d4-bdjh7          0/1     Running   0          2m11s
coredns-5c98db65d4-xvvpl          0/1     Running   0          2m11s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-chb4p       1/1     Running   0          16s

发现dns和网络插件容器都正常工作。

添加第二个 master

直接执行初始化集群时返回的命令添加即可，大致步骤如下。
1：清理系统环境
2：运行上一节中记录的join命令。

  kubeadm join 172.20.101.252:16443 --token slsxxo.5aiu0lqpxy61n8ah \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2c3286ca0ac761ff7e29f590545d3370f801854158e7c6adde586ba96f1a6675 \
    --control-plane --certificate-key 1a139dc53b553091c59262b2f08b948848d7cda7e9cb0169c3f2e3db480ea255

3:初始化系统环境

[root@kubm-02 ~]# 
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

获取集群状态

[root@kubm-02 ~]# kubectl get nodes                                               
NAME      STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
kubm-01   Ready    master   7m58s   v1.15.0
kubm-02   Ready    master   103s    v1.15.0
[root@kubm-02 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system

NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5c98db65d4-bdjh7          1/1     Running   0          8m29s
coredns-5c98db65d4-xvvpl          1/1     Running   0          8m29s
etcd-kubm-01                      1/1     Running   0          7m38s
etcd-kubm-02                      1/1     Running   0          80s
kube-apiserver-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          7m52s
kube-apiserver-kubm-02            1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-controller-manager-kubm-01   1/1     Running   0          7m32s
kube-controller-manager-kubm-02   1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-chb4p       1/1     Running   0          6m34s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-h74k9       1/1     Running   1          2m30s
kube-proxy-kww9g                  1/1     Running   0          2m30s
kube-proxy-l29hl                  1/1     Running   0          8m28s
kube-scheduler-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          7m50s
kube-scheduler-kubm-02            1/1     Running   0          94s

第三个 master 过程与店家第二个master节点保持一致即可。

node 节点添加

推荐清理环境

如果之前配置过k8s或者首次配置没有成功等情况，推荐把系统环境清理一下,每一个节点。

systemctl stop kubelet
docker rm -f -v $(docker ps  -a -q)

rm -rf /etc/kubernetes
rm -rf  /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf   /var/lib/kubelet
rm -rf  $HOME/.kube/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

yum reinstall -y kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable kubelet

node节点接入

运行首次初始化时返回结果中，添加node的join命令。

kubeadm join 172.20.101.252:16443 --token slsxxo.5aiu0lqpxy61n8ah \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2c3286ca0ac761ff7e29f590545d3370f801854158e7c6adde586ba96f1a6675 \
    --node-name kubnode02

返回信息

[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.15" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

查看node节点加入集群 (master 节点执行)

kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
kubm-01      Ready    master   19m     v1.15.0
kubm-02      Ready    master   13m     v1.15.0
kubm-03      Ready    master   7m36s   v1.15.0
kubnode-01   Ready       71s     v1.15.0

再次查看系统服务

[root@kubm-01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5c98db65d4-bdjh7          1/1     Running   0          59m
coredns-5c98db65d4-xvvpl          1/1     Running   0          59m
etcd-kubm-01                      1/1     Running   0          58m
etcd-kubm-02                      1/1     Running   0          52m
etcd-kubm-03                      1/1     Running   0          45m
kube-apiserver-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          58m
kube-apiserver-kubm-02            1/1     Running   0          52m
kube-apiserver-kubm-03            1/1     Running   0          46m
kube-controller-manager-kubm-01   1/1     Running   0          58m
kube-controller-manager-kubm-02   1/1     Running   0          52m
kube-controller-manager-kubm-03   1/1     Running   0          46m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-6v5bw       1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-chb4p       1/1     Running   0          57m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-h74k9       1/1     Running   1          53m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-nbx85       1/1     Running   2          47m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-s4gv6       1/1     Running   0          40m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-wv9gx       1/1     Running   0          30m
kube-proxy-hdkb9                  1/1     Running   0          47m
kube-proxy-kww9g                  1/1     Running   0          53m
kube-proxy-l29hl                  1/1     Running   0          59m
kube-proxy-ln5rj                  1/1     Running   0          29m
kube-proxy-rw22h                  1/1     Running   0          40m
kube-proxy-vbc6k                  1/1     Running   0          30m
kube-scheduler-kubm-01            1/1     Running   0          58m
kube-scheduler-kubm-02            1/1     Running   0          52m
kube-scheduler-kubm-03            1/1     Running   0          46m

按照添加添加node节点步骤继续添加其它节点即可。

token处理命令

如果token超时或者自己想新建token，执行如下命令解决。

删除token
[root@kubm-01 ~]# kubeadm token delete  yqds5b.gyiax5ntlzeiavrz
bootstrap token "yqds5b" deleted
新建 token 超时时间24h
[root@kubm-01 ~]# kubeadm token create --ttl 24h --print-join-command 

kubeadm join 172.20.101.252:16443 --token rgqz2k.q4529102hz5ctej5     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7b2c700b984b992fe96f50bb45ee782d68168a98197b79ecd87f7e68b089819f

参考文档：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/
https://octetz.com/posts/ha-control-plane-k8s-kubeadm

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