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用ASP连接各种数据库的方法
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一、ASP的对象存取数据库方法
在ASP中，用来存取数据库的对象统称ADO（Active Data Objects），主要含有三种对象：Connection、Recordset 、Command
Connection：负责打开或连接数据
Recordset：负责存取数据表
Command：负责对数据库执行行动查询命令
二、连接各数据库的驱动程序
连接各数据库可以使用驱动程序，也可以使用数据源，不过我建议大家使用驱动程序，因为使用驱动程序非常方便、简单，而使用数据源比较麻烦。
ODBC链接
适合数据库类型 链接方式
access "Driver={microsoft access driver(*.mdb)};dbq=*.mdb;uid=admin;pwd=pass;"
dBase "Driver={microsoft dbase driver(*.dbf)};driverid=277;dbq=------------;"
Oracle "Driver={microsoft odbc for oracle};server=oraclesever.world;uid=admin;pwd=pass;"
MSSQL server "Driver={sql server};server=servername;database=dbname;uid=sa;pwd=pass;"
MS text "Driver={microsoft text driver(*.txt; *.csv)};dbq=-----;extensions=asc,csv,tab,txt;Persist SecurityInfo=false;"
Visual Foxpro "Driver={microsoft Visual Foxpro driver};sourcetype=DBC;sourceDB=*.dbc;Exclusive=No;"
MySQL "Driver={mysql};database=yourdatabase;uid=username;pwd=yourpassword;option=16386;"
OLEDB链接
适合的数据库类型 链接方式
access "Provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=your_database_path;user id=admin;password=pass;"
Oracle "Provider=OraOLEDB.Oracle;data source=dbname;user id=admin;password=pass;"
MS SQL Server "Provider=SQLOLEDB;data source=machinename;initial catalog=dbname;userid=sa;password=pass;"
MS text "Provider=microsof.jet.oledb.4.0;data source=your_path;Extended Properties′text;FMT=Delimited′"
而我们在一般情况下使用Access的数据库比较多，在这里我建议大家连接Access数据库使用下面的方法：
dim conn
set conn = server.createobject("adodb.connection")
conn.open = "provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;" "data source = " server.mappath("../db/bbs.mdb")
其中../db/bbs.mdb是你的数据库存放的相对路径！如果你的数据库和ASP文件在同一目录下，你只要这样写就可以了：
dim conn
set conn = server.createobject("adodb.connection")
conn.open = "provider=microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0;" "data source = " server.mappath("bbs.mdb")
有许多初学者在遇到数据库连接时总是会出问题，然而使用上面的驱动程序只要你的数据库路径选对了就不会出问题了。
数据库有很多种类：mysql，oracle，mssql，db2等等。PHP操作数据库的时候，要保证该类型数据库的扩展已开启。这里连接的数据库以mysql为例：?php
//数据库服务器地址
$host="localhost";
//连接数据库用户名
$uname="root";
//连接数据库密码
$upass="";
//连接数据库
$conn=mysql_connect($host, $uname,$upass);
//判断连接
if(!$conn){
die("连接数据库失败！").mysql_errno();
}
//连接成功，其他操作省略
?
我自己封装的一个
?php
class AppConfig{
public static $dbParam = array(
'dbHost' = 'localhost',
'dbUser' = 'root',
'dbPassword' ='',
'dbName' = '数据库名',
'dbCharset' = 'utf8',
'dbPort' = 3306,
'dbPrefix' = 'test_',
'dbPconnect' = 0,
'dbDebug' = true,
);
}
class Model {
private $version = ''; //mysql版本
private $config = array(); //数据库配置数组
private $class; //当前类名
public $tablepre = 'ts_'; //表前缀
public $db = ''; //库名
public $table = ''; //表名
private static $link; //数据库链接句柄
private $data = array(); //中间数据容器
private $condition = ''; //查询条件
private $fields = array(); //字段信息
private $sql = array(); //sql集合，调试用
public $primaryKey = 'id'; //表主键
//构造函数初始化
public function __construct($dbParam = array()) {
$this-config = (is_array($dbParam) !empty($dbParam)) ? $dbParam : AppConfig::$dbParam;
$this-connect();
$this-init();
}
//链接数据库
private function connect() {
if($this-config['dbPconnect']) {
self::$link = @mysql_pconnect($this-config['dbHost'], $this-config['dbUser'], $this-config['dbPassword']);
}else{
self::$link = @mysql_connect($this-config['dbHost'], $this-config['dbUser'], $this-config['dbPassword'], true);
}
mysql_errno(self::$link) != 0 $this-errdie('Could not connect Mysql: ');
$this-db= !empty($this-db) ? $this-db : $this-config['dbName'];
$serverinfo = $this-version();
if ($serverinfo '4.1' $this-config['dbCharset']) {
mysql_query("SET character_set_connection=".$this-config['dbCharset'].",character_set_results=".$this-config['dbCharset'].",character_set_client=binary", self::$link);
}
if ($serverinfo '5.0') {
mysql_query("SET sql_mode=''", self::$link);
}
@mysql_select_db($this-db, self::$link) or $this-errdie('Cannot use database');
return self::$link;
}
//表基本信息初始化
protected function init() {
$this-class = get_class($this);
$this-table = !empty($this-table) ? $this-table : strtolower($this-class);
$this-table = $this-tablepre . $this-table;
return $this;
}
//设置属性值
public function __set($name, $value) {
//exit($value);
$this-data['fields'][$name] = $value;
}
//获取属性值
public function __get($name) {
if(isset($this-data['fields'][$name])) {
return($this-data['fields'][$name]);
}else {
return NULL;
}
}
//字段信息处理
private function implodefields($data) {
if (!is_array($data)) {
$data = array();
}
$this-fields = !empty($this-data['fields']) ? array_merge($this-data['fields'], $data) : $data;
foreach($this-fields as $key = $value) {
$fieldsNameValueStr[] = "`$key`='$value'";
$fieldsNameStr[] = "`$key`";
$fieldsValueStr[] = "'$value'";
}
return array($fieldsNameValueStr, $fieldsNameStr, $fieldsValueStr);
}
//条件判断组装
private function condition($where = NULL) {
if (is_numeric($where)) {
$where = "WHERE `{$this-primaryKey}`='{$where}' LIMIT 1";
}elseif (is_array($where)){
$where = "WHERE `{$this-primaryKey}` in (".implode(',',$where).")";
}elseif(!empty($this-data['condition'])){
//'预留WHERE', 'order', 'group', 'limit' …………等条件关键词处理接口
$where = $where ? "WHERE {$where}" : "WHERE 1";
isset($this-data['condition']['where']) $where .= ' AND '.$this-data['condition']['where'];
isset($this-data['condition']['group']) $where .= ' GROUP BY '.$this-data['condition']['group'];
isset($this-data['condition']['order']) $where .= ' ORDER BY '.$this-data['condition']['order'];
isset($this-data['condition']['limit']) $where .= ' LIMIT '.$this-data['condition']['limit'];
}else{
$where = "WHERE {$where}";
}
$this-condition = $where;
return $this;
}
//插入数据
public function insert($data = array(), $replace = false) {
$fields = $this-implodefields($data);
$insert = $replace ? 'REPLACE' : 'INSERT';
$sql = "{$insert} INTO `{$this-db}`.`{$this-table}` (".implode(', ',$fields[1]).") values (".implode(', ',$fields[2]).")";
$this-query($sql);
return $this-getInsertId();
}
//更新数据
public function update($data = array() ,$where = '') {
$numargs = func_num_args();
if ($numargs == 1) {
$where = $data;
$data = array();
}
$fields = $this-implodefields($data);
$this-condition($where);
$sql = "UPDATE `{$this-db}`.`{$this-table}` SET ".implode(', ',$fields[0])." {$this-condition}";
$this-query($sql);
return $this-getAffectedRows();
}
//删除数据
public function delete($where = NULL) {
if(!is_array($where) strtolower(substr(trim($where), 0, 6)) == 'delete'){
$sql = $where;
}else{
$this-condition($where);
$sql = "DELETE FROM `{$this-db}`.`{$this-table}` {$this-condition}";
}
$this-query($sql);
return $this-getAffectedRows();
}
//查询数据
public function select($where = NULL, $fields = '*') {
if(!is_array($where) strtolower(substr(trim($where), 0, 6)) == 'select'){
$sql = $where;
}else{
$this-condition($where);
$sql = "SELECT {$fields} FROM `{$this-db}`.`{$this-table}` {$this-condition}";
}
return $this-fetch($this-query($sql));
}
//查询一条数据
public function getOne($where, $fields = '*') {
$data = $this-select($where, $fields = '*');
if($data) {
return $data[0];
}
return array();
}
//查询多条数据
public function getAll($where, $fields = '*') {
$data = $this-select($where, $fields = '*');
return $data;
}
//结果数量
public function getCount($where = '', $fields = '*') {
$this-condition($where);
$sql = "SELECT count({$fields}) as count FROM `{$this-db}`.`{$this-table}` {$this-condition}";
$data = $this-query($sql);
if($data){
return @mysql_result($data,0);
}
return 0;
}
//执行sql语句（flag为0返回mysql_query查询后的结果，为1返回lastid，其他返回影响行数，默认为2返回影响行数）
public function query($sql, $flag = '0', $type = '') {
if ($this-config['dbDebug']) {
$startime = $this-microtime_float();
}
//查询
if ($type == 'UNBUFFERED' function_exists('mysql_unbuffered_query')) {
$result = @mysql_unbuffered_query($sql, self::$link);
} else {
//exit($sql);
$result = @mysql_query($sql, self::$link);
}
//重试
if (in_array(mysql_errno(self::$link), array(2006,2013)) empty($result) $this-config['dbPconnect']==0 !defined('RETRY')) {
define('RETRY',true); @mysql_close(self::$link); sleep(2);
$this-connect();
$result = $this-query($sql);
}
if ($result === false) {
$this-errdie($sql);
}
if ($this-config['dbDebug']) {
$endtime = $this-microtime_float();
$this-sql[] = array($sql,$endtime-$startime);
}
//清空操作数据
$this-data = array();
return $flag == '0' ? $result : ($flag == '1' ? $this-getInsertId() : $this-getAffectedRows());
}
//返回结果$onlyone为true返回一条否则返回所有,$type有MYSQL_ASSOC,MYSQL_NUM,MYSQL_BOTH
public function fetch($result, $onlyone = false, $type = MYSQL_ASSOC) {
if($result){
if ($onlyone) {
$row = @mysql_fetch_array($result, $type);
return $row;
}else{
$rowsRs = array();
while($row=@mysql_fetch_array($result, $type)) {
$rowsRs[] = $row;
}
return $rowsRs;
}
}
return array();
}
//可以运行SELECT，SHOW，EXPLAIN 或 DESCRIBE 等返回一个资源标识符的语句得到返回结果数组
public function show($sql, $onlyone = false) {
return $this-fetch($this-query($sql), $onlyone);
}
// 使用call函数处理同类型函数
private function __call($name, $arguments) {
$callArr = array('on', 'where', 'order', 'between', 'group', 'limit');
if (in_array($name, $callArr)) {
$this-data['condition'][$name] = $arguments[0];
}else{
$this-errdie("function error: function {$name} is not in ($this-class) class exist");
}
return $this;
}
//返回最后一次插入ID
public function getInsertId() {
return @mysql_insert_id(self::$link);
}
//返回受影响行数
public function getAffectedRows() {
return @mysql_affected_rows(self::$link);
}
//获取错误信息
private function error() {
return ((self::$link) ? @mysql_error(self::$link) : @mysql_error());
}
//获取错误信息ID
private function errno() {
return ((self::$link) ? @mysql_errno(self::$link) : @mysql_errno());
}
//获取版本信息
function version() {
if(empty($this-version)) {
$this-version = mysql_get_server_info(self::$link);
}
return $this-version;
}
//打印错误信息
private function errdie($sql = '') {
if ($this-config['dbDebug']) {
die('/BRBMySQL ERROR/B/BR
SQL:'.$sql.'/BR
ERRNO:'.$this-errno().'/BR
ERROR:'.$this-error().'/BR');
}
die('DB ERROR！！！');
}
//获取时间微妙数
private function microtime_float()
{
list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
}
//析构函数
public function __destruct() {
echo 'hr';
$this-config['dbDebug'] print_r($this-sql);
//unset($this-result);
//unset($this-condition);
//unset($this-data);
}
}
class user extends Model {
//public $db = 'qsf_mvc';
//public $table = 'user';
public $primaryKey = 'uid';
}
$userObj = new user();
//---------------------------------------插入数据方法一-----------------------------------------
//模拟ActiveRecord模式 插入数据
$userObj-username = 'hoho';
$userObj-passwd = '1478522';
$userObj-email = 'qsf.z11@163.com';
$userObj-sex = 1;
$userObj-desc = '清洁工';
$insetId = $userObj-insert();
if ($insetId 0) {
echo "插入ID为:{$insetId}BR";
}
//---------------------------------------插入数据方法二-----------------------------------------
//直接数组做参数插入数据
$userArr = array(
'username' = 'hoho',
'passwd' = '1478522',
'email' = 'qsf.z2121ia@163.com',
'sex' = '1',
'desc' = '厨师',
);
$insetId = $userObj-insert($userArr);
if ($insetId 0) {
echo "插入ID为:{$insetId}BR";
}
//---------------------------------------更新数据方法一----------------------------------------
$userObj-username = 'h111oho';
$userObj-passwd = '1478511122';
$userObj-email = 'qsf111ia@163.com';
$userObj-sex = 1;
$userObj-desc = '清洁工';
$affectedRows1 = $userObj-update(89);
if ($affectedRows1 0) {
echo "影响行数为:{$affectedRows1}BR";
}
//---------------------------------------更新数据方法二----------------------------------------
//更新记录（传递参数的方式和insert操作一样）
$userArr = array(
'username' = 'hohoho',
'passwd' = '1474rr4448522',
'email' = 'qsf.rrza@165.com',
'sex' = '0',
'desc' = '厨师qq',
);
$affectedRows = $userObj-update($userArr, $insetId);
if ($affectedRows 0) {
echo "影响行数为:{$affectedRows}BR";
}
//----------------------------------------查询数据----------------------------------------------
$userRs0 = $userObj-select(8); //单个主键值
//print_r($userRs0);
$userRs1 = $userObj-select(array(1,5,8)); //多个主键值的数组
//print_r($userRs1);
$userRs2 = $userObj-select('select count(*) as count from user where uid 20'); //直接完整sql语句
//print_r($userRs2);
$userRs3 = $userObj-select("`uid` 0"); //where条件
//print_r($userRs3);
$userRs4 = $userObj-getOne("`uid` 0"); //获取单条记录
//print_r($userRs4);
$usersRs5 = $userObj-getAll("`uid` 0"); ////获取所有记录
//print_r($usersRs5);
$usersRs6 = $userObj-limit('0,10')-where('uid 100')-order('uid DESC')-group('username')-select();
//print_r($usersRs6);
//----------------------------------------删除数据-----------------------------------------------
//删除操作传递参数的方式和select操作一样
$userObj-delete(60); //单个主键值
$userObj-delete(array(1,5,8)); //多个主键值的数组
$userObj-delete('delete from user where uid 100'); //直接完整sql语句
$userObj-delete("`uid` 100"); //where条件
$userObj-limit('5')-where('uid 80')-delete();
//----------------------------------------特殊查询-----------------------------------------------
$userShowRs = $userObj-show('show create table user', true); //获取特殊查询的结果,第二个参数代表返回一条结果还是所有的结果