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记录下在CentOS 6.9环境安装MySQL 5.6.37的过程，供大家参考。
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如果centos7以上的系统：需要卸载 rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
1、准备数据存放的文件系统
新建一个逻辑卷，并将其挂载至特定目录即可。这里不再给出过程。
这里假设其逻辑卷的挂载目录为/data，而后需要创建/data/mysqldata目录做为mysql数据的存放目录。
[root@centos /]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata
2、新建用户以安全方式运行进程：
[root@centos ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
3、安装并初始化mysql
[root@centos ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@centos ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@centos ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@centos local]# ln -sv /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql #根据实际情况修改
[root@centos local]# cd mysql
[root@centos mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .
4.为mysql提供主配置文件: #默认初始化后会在/etc下有my.cnf，如有内容删除覆盖即可
配置文件
[root@centos mysql]# yum install libaio* libnuma* -y #安装依赖
[root@centos mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[client]
#user=mysql #根据实际情况设置用户名
#password=123456
[mysqld]
########basic settings########
server-id = 11
port = 3306
user = mysql
#bind_address = 10.166.224.32 #根据实际情况修改
#autocommit = 0 #5.6.X安装时，需要注释掉，安装完成后再打开
character_set_server=utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 1000
datadir = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
join_buffer_size = 134217728
tmp_table_size = 67108864
tmpdir = /tmp
max_allowed_packet = 16777216
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
read_buffer_size = 16777216
read_rnd_buffer_size = 33554432
sort_buffer_size = 33554432
########log settings########
log_error = error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
expire_logs_days = 90
long_query_time = 2
min_examined_row_limit = 100
########replication settings########
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
log_bin = bin.log
sync_binlog = 1
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates
binlog_format = row
relay_log = relay.log
relay_log_recovery = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
########innodb settings########
innodb_page_size = 8192
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G #根据实际情况修改，实验环境需改变大小否则会报错
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改
innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysqldata #根据实际情况修改
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_log_file_size = 4G #根据实际情况修改，实验环境需改小
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_strict_mode = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
########semi sync replication settings########
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #根据实际情况修改
plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
[mysqld-5.7]
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
log_timestamps=system
transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32
show_compatibility_56=on
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
推荐的my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
datadir=/MYSQLDATA
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Sustemd
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
server-id=1
max_connections = 5000
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = off
lower_case_table_names = 1
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
character-set-server = utf8
binlog_format + ROW
binlog-checksun = NONE
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
[root@centos mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/
[root@centos mysql]# chown -R root .
5、为mysql提供sysv服务脚本：
[root@centos mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@ccentos mysql]# ldconfig
6、修改PATH环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令。
[root@centos mysql]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
7、最后启动服务添加开机启动
[root@centos mysql]# service mysqld start
[root@centos mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@centos mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@centos bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
[root@centos bin]# mysql -uroot -p123456
附：mysql5.6.37二进制包 https://share.weiyun.com/247aaa9f3784e18cd707040321ec54e4