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尝试修改了MySQL的datadir参数， 同时将数据文件拷贝到了新的目录/data下， 但是启动mysql服务时，提示：
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[root@mysql8-01 data]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2019-07-03 10:42:07 CST; 14s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 2907 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 2885 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2907 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Status: "SERVER_BOOTING"
Error: 13 (Permission denied)
Jul 03 10:42:06 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 03 10:42:07 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jul 03 10:42:07 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Server.
Jul 03 10:42:07 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
Jul 03 10:42:07 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.
查看mysql日志，发现有如下警告
2019-07-03T02:38:28.679543Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.14) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
mysqld: File './binlog.index' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2019-07-03T02:40:21.848131Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /data/mysql8-01.lower-test
2019-07-03T02:40:21.848279Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.14) starting as process 2822
2019-07-03T02:40:21.867130Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /data/mysql8-01.lower-test
2019-07-03T02:40:21.867181Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /data/ is case insensitive
2019-07-03T02:40:21.868211Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2019-07-03T02:40:21.868431Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.14) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
mysqld: File './binlog.index' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2019-07-03T02:42:07.555956Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /data/mysql8-01.lower-test
2019-07-03T02:42:07.556036Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.14) starting as process 2907
2019-07-03T02:42:07.558851Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file /data/mysql8-01.lower-test
2019-07-03T02:42:07.558865Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /data/ is case insensitive
2019-07-03T02:42:07.559679Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2019-07-03T02:42:07.559877Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.14) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
这里，需要将Selinux关闭：
[root@mysql8-01 data]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@mysql8-01 data]#
[root@mysql8-01 data]# setenforcing 0
bash: setenforcing: command not found...
[root@mysql8-01 data]# setenforce 0
[root@mysql8-01 data]#
[root@mysql8-01 data]#
[root@mysql8-01 data]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@mysql8-01 data]#
[root@mysql8-01 data]#
[root@mysql8-01 data]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-07-03 10:46:09 CST; 5s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3020 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3042 (mysqld)
Status: "SERVER_OPERATING"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3042 /usr/sbin/mysqld
Jul 03 10:46:06 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 03 10:46:09 mysql8-01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
再此尝试启动，成功