keepalived采用vrrp热备份协议,实现Linux服务器的多机热备功能
vrrp,虚拟路由冗余协议,是针对路由器的一种备份解决方案为鱼峰等地区用户提供了全套网页设计制作服务,及鱼峰网站建设行业解决方案。主营业务为成都网站制作、网站建设、鱼峰网站设计,以传统方式定制建设网站,并提供域名空间备案等一条龙服务,秉承以专业、用心的态度为用户提供真诚的服务。我们深信只要达到每一位用户的要求,就会得到认可,从而选择与我们长期合作。这样,我们也可以走得更远!
keepalived可实现多机热备,每个热备组有多台服务器,最常用的就是双机热备
双机热备的故障切换是由虚拟IP地址的漂移来实现,适用于各种应用服务器
CentOS7系统:
DR1 主: 192.168.100.2
DR2 备: 192.168.100.20
虚拟IP:192.168.100.10
web1:192.168.100.221
web2:192.168.100.222
win10系统:
client:192.168.100.100
DR1主:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y
DR2从:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ipvsadm keepalived -y
web1:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y
web2:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y
DR1主:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #dhcp改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=3ceed540-b04c-48d6-a4f7-79951f09ea1d
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.201 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1 #网关
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #IP地址配置成功
inet6 fe80::3e1d:31ba:f66a:6f80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:95:9b:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10373 bytes 13584878 (12.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4285 bytes 277473 (270.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
DR2从:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #dhcp改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=3ceed540-b04c-48d6-a4f7-79951f09ea1d
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.202 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1 #网关
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #IP地址配置成功
inet6 fe80::3e1d:31ba:f66a:6f80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
inet6 fe80::2558:848e:ba08:4183 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:27:1c:3f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 10470 bytes 13593710 (12.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4240 bytes 273794 (267.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
web1:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #dhcp改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=8ecd53ce-afdb-46f8-b7ff-b2f428a3bc8f
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.221 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1 #网关
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.221 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #IP地址配置成功
inet6 fe80::c776:9d00:618:88f2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:eb:34:07 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11508 bytes 14937643 (14.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3932 bytes 254623 (248.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
web2:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static #dhcp改为static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=09073596-a7cf-404c-a098-28c3ff58c44b
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.222 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1 #网关
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #IP地址配置成功
inet6 fe80::5134:22f5:842b:5201 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:0d:f1:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11425 bytes 14931323 (14.2 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4454 bytes 286016 (279.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 #配置路由转发功能
#proc响应关闭重定向功能
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects=0
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p #加载生效
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0 #复制虚拟网卡的配置文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
#添加配置文件信息,原有的信息删除
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::3e1d:31ba:f66a:6f80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:95:9b:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11455 bytes 13700437 (13.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4713 bytes 330899 (323.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #虚拟网卡配置成功
ether 00:0c:29:95:9b:1b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# vim dr.sh
#!/bin/bash
GW=192.168.100.1 #网关
VIP=192.168.100.10 #虚拟ip
RIP1=192.168.100.221 #真实web1服务器ip
RIP2=192.168.100.222 #真实web2服务器ip
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ipvsadm --save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm #保存配置
systemctl start ipvsadm #启动服务
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up
#设置ens33:0地址,广播地址,子网掩码,并开启
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev ens33:0 #添加路由网段信息
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:80 -s rr #指定虚拟服务访问入口,指定轮询算法
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP1:80 -g #指定真实服务器web1,dr模式
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP2:80 -g #指定真实服务器web2,dr模式
echo "ipvsadm starting ---------------------[ok]"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ipvsadm -C #清空缓存
systemctl stop ipvsadm #关闭服务
ifconfig ens33:0 down #关闭接口
route del $VIP #删除路由信息
echo "ipvsadm stoped--------------------[ok]"
;;
status)
if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then #判断文件存在与否决定状态
echo "ipvsadm stoped--------------"
exit 1
else
echo "ipvsadm Runing-----------[ok]"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x dr.sh #给执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]# service dr.sh start #开启服务
ipvsadm starting ---------------------[ok]
[root@localhost init.d]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost init.d]# setenforce 0 #关闭增强型安全功能
[root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #指向本地
router_id LVS_01 #指定名称,备份服务器不同名称
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #主服务器,备份服务器是BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 10 #组号相同
priority 100 #优先级,主服务器优先级应大于备份服务器
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS #验证类型
auth_pass 1111 #验证密码
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.100.10 #虚拟IP地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.100.10 80 { #虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.100.221 80 { #真实服务器
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80 #连接端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.100.222 80 { #真实服务器
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80 #连接端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service #开启服务
[root@localhost keepalived]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 #配置路由转发功能
#proc响应关闭重定向功能
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects=0
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p #加载生效
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp -p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0 #复制虚拟网卡的配置文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33:0
#添加配置文件信息,原有的信息删除
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::3e1d:31ba:f66a:6f80 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
inet6 fe80::2558:848e:ba08:4183 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:27:1c:3f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 15720 bytes 14706442 (14.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6289 bytes 1113172 (1.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 #虚拟网卡配置成功
ether 00:0c:29:27:1c:3f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# vim dr.sh
#!/bin/bash
GW=192.168.100.1 #网关
VIP=192.168.100.10 #虚拟ip
RIP1=192.168.100.221 #真实web1服务器ip
RIP2=192.168.100.222 #真实web2服务器ip
case "$1" in
start)
/sbin/ipvsadm --save > /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm #保存配置
systemctl start ipvsadm #启动服务
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up
#设置ens33:0地址,广播地址,子网掩码,并开启
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev ens33:0 #添加路由网段信息
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t $VIP:80 -s rr #指定虚拟服务访问入口,指定轮询算法
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP1:80 -g #指定真实服务器web1,dr模式
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t $VIP:80 -r $RIP2:80 -g #指定真实服务器web2,dr模式
echo "ipvsadm starting ---------------------[ok]"
;;
stop)
/sbin/ipvsadm -C #清空缓存
systemctl stop ipvsadm #关闭服务
ifconfig ens33:0 down #关闭接口
route del $VIP #删除路由信息
echo "ipvsadm stoped--------------------[ok]"
;;
status)
if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/ipvsadm ];then #判断文件存在与否决定状态
echo "ipvsadm stoped--------------"
exit 1
else
echo "ipvsadm Runing-----------[ok]"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x dr.sh #给执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]# service dr.sh start #开启服务
ipvsadm starting ---------------------[ok]
[root@localhost init.d]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost init.d]# setenforce 0 #关闭增强型安全功能
[root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@localhost keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@localhost keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #指向本地
router_id LVS_02 #指定名称,备份服务器不同名称
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #备份服务器BACKUP,主服务器是MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 10 #组号相同
priority 90 #优先级,备份服务器应小于主服务器优先级
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS #验证类型
auth_pass 1111 #验证密码
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.100.10 #虚拟IP地址
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.100.10 80 { #虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.100.221 80 { #真实服务器
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80 #连接端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.100.222 80 { #真实服务器
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80 #连接端口
connect_timeout 3 #连接超时
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@localhost keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service #开启服务
[root@localhost keepalived]#
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭增强型安全功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd.service #开启httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is abc web" > index.html #创建网站页面
[root@localhost html]#
[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0 #复制回环网卡配置文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
#添加配置文件信息,原有的信息删除
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# vim web.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=192.168.100.10
case "$1" in
start)
ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
sysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK "
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
route del $VIP /dev/null 2>&1
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x web.sh #添加执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]# service web.sh start #开启服务
RealServer Start OK
[root@localhost init.d]# ifup lo:0 #开启网卡
[root@localhost init.d]#ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.221 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::c776:9d00:618:88f2 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:eb:34:07 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 13293 bytes 15122368 (14.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4692 bytes 360484 (352.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 #关闭增强型安全功能
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd.service #开启httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is xyz web" > index.html #创建网站页面
[root@localhost html]#
[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0 #复制回环网卡配置文件
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
#添加配置文件信息,原有的信息删除
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# vim web.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=192.168.100.10
case "$1" in
start)
ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP
/sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
sysctl -p > /dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK "
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
route del $VIP /dev/null 2>&1
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x web.sh #添加执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]# service web.sh start #开启服务
RealServer Start OK
[root@localhost init.d]# ifup lo:0 #开启网卡
[root@localhost init.d]#ifconfig #查看网卡信息
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::5134:22f5:842b:5201 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:0d:f1:75 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 16771 bytes 15510870 (14.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 7516 bytes 783039 (764.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.255
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
[root@localhost keepalived]# ifdown ens33:0
#在DR1主服务器上,关闭虚拟网卡,模拟故障