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硬件虚拟化IRF（智能弹性框架）带来的优势：组网简化：如下图所示，传统的3层架构，核心交换机之间使用了以太捆绑，和接入层交换机运行STP，此时导致接入交换机之间只有部分处于转发状态（可以通过MSTP调整优化不同VLAN间的数据转发）。在实施IRF之后2台核心交换之间实施硬件虚拟化，被视为一台设备。这大大的简化了网络的复杂性。汇聚层的多个设备成为了一个单一的逻辑设备，接入设备直接连接到这个虚拟设备。这种简化后的组网不再需要使用MSTP、VRRP协议，简化了网络配置。同时依靠跨设备的链路聚合（需要特定设备支持），在成员出现故障时不再依赖MSTP、VRRP等协议的收敛，提高了可靠性
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IRF堆叠中的成员设备分为Master和Slave设备
成员设备上用于堆叠连接的物理接口称之为物理堆叠口
物理堆叠口需要和逻辑堆叠口绑定，逻辑堆叠口简称为堆叠口
由多个物理堆叠口聚合的堆叠口成为聚合堆叠口
IRF堆叠物理拓扑：链形拓扑和环形拓扑
堆叠设备通过和直连的其他成员交互IRF Hello来收集整个堆叠的拓扑信息
拓扑收集完毕进入角色选举过程
步骤1. 确定IRF设备角色，配置设备的IRF优先级和编号
[IRF2]irf member 1 renumber 2 //将IRF2(即SW2)的成员编号设置为2，默认为1
Renumbering the member ID may result in configuration change or loss. Continue?[Y/N]:y //对成员1中的背板重编号必须可能导致配置改变或者丢弃，是否继续？是
[IRF2]save //切记保存配置
The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure? [Y/N]:y //确定保存
Please input the file name(*.cfg)[flash:/startup.cfg]
(To leave the existing filename unchanged, press the enter key): //使用默认的配置名称，即start.cfg
Validating file. Please wait...
Saved the current configuration to mainboard device successfully.
[IRF2]quit
reboot //必须重启设备
Start to check configuration with next startup configuration file, please wait.........DONE!
This command will reboot the device. Continue? [Y/N]:y //该命令将重启设备，继续么？确认继续
Now rebooting, please wait...
%Nov 25 22:02:11:207 2018 IRF2 DEV/5/SYSTEM_REBOOT: System is rebooting now.
！
！
[H3C]sysname IRF1
[IRF1]irf member 1 priority 32 //设置IRF1（SW1）的IRF优先级为32，该值已经最大，保证IRF1设备成为主设备（IRF2并未修改优先级，意味着它使用默认的优先级1）
[IRF1]int r te 1/0/50 to t 1/0/51
[IRF1-if-range]shu //把交换机互联接口关闭，这是必须的一部
[IRF1-if-range]quit
[IRF1]irf-port 1/2 //设置IRF1的逻辑接口2
[IRF1-irf-port1/2]port g int te 1/0/50 //把物理接口加入逻辑接口
You must perform the following tasks for a successful IRF setup:
Save the configuration after completing IRF configuration.
Execute the "irf-port-configuration active" command to activate the IRF ports.
[IRF1-irf-port1/2]port g int te 1/0/51 //把物理接口加入逻辑接口
[IRF1-irf-port1/2]quit
[IRF1]int r te 1/0/50 to t 1/0/51
[IRF1-if-range]un sh //开启物理接口 步骤2. Slave设备加入物理成员接口
[IRF2]int r t 2/0/50 to t 2/0/51 //进入物理接口，注意之前已经“renember”了该设备的板卡号码，所以接口为10G接口的2/0/50和51接口
[IRF2-if-range]shu //IRF2设备重启后关闭物理接口
[IRF2-if-range]quit
[IRF2]irf-port 2/1 //注意，特别推荐使用交叉互联，请对比IRF1设备，否则可能造成堆叠失败
[IRF2-irf-port2/1]port g int t 2/0/50 //把物理接口加入逻辑接口
You must perform the following tasks for a successful IRF setup:
Save the configuration after completing IRF configuration.
Execute the "irf-port-configuration active" command to activate the IRF ports.
[IRF2-irf-port2/1]port g int t 2/0/51 //把物理接口加入逻辑接口
[IRF2-irf-port2/1]quit
[IRF2]int r t 2/0/50 to t 2/0/51
[IRF2-if-range]un shu //开启物理接口
%Nov 25 22:06:39:426 2018 IRF2 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/50 changed to up.
%Nov 25 22:06:39:474 2018 IRF2 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/50 changed to up.
%Nov 25 22:06:39:495 2018 IRF2 LLDP/6/LLDP_CREATE_NEIGHBOR: Nearest bridge agent neighbor created on port Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/50 (IfIndex 179), neighbor's chassis ID is 90c6-26d7-0100, port ID is Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/50.
%Nov 25 22:06:39:648 2018 IRF2 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/51 changed to up.
[IRF2-if-range]%Nov 25 22:06:39:659 2018 IRF2 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/51 changed to up.
%Nov 25 22:06:39:663 2018 IRF2 LLDP/6/LLDP_CREATE_NEIGHBOR: Nearest bridge agent neighbor created on port Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/51 (IfIndex 180), neighbor's chassis ID is 90c6-26d7-0100, port ID is Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/51.
[IRF2]save //保存配置
The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure? [Y/N]:y //确定保存配置
Please input the file name(*.cfg)[flash:/startup.cfg]
(To leave the existing filename unchanged, press the enter key):
flash:/startup.cfg exists, overwrite? [Y/N]:y //确定覆盖已经存在的配置
Validating file. Please wait...
Saved the current configuration to mainboard device successfully.
save //保存配置
The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure? [Y/N]:y
Please input the file name(*.cfg)[flash:/startup.cfg]
(To leave the existing filename unchanged, press the enter key):
Validating file. Please wait...
Saved the current configuration to mainboard device successfully.
此时2台设备的IRF已经配置完毕，但不激活IRF之前，IRF并不工作
步骤3.激活IRF配置
[IRF1]irf-port-configuration active //请在激活IRF配置前确保已经保存配置
[IRF1]%Nov 25 22:08:28:132 2018 IRF1 STM/6/STM_LINK_UP: IRF port 2 came up.
%Nov 25 22:08:45:321 2018 IRF1 STM/4/STM_MERGE: IRF merge occurred.
%Nov 25 22:08:47:660 2018 IRF1 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/51 changed to down.
%Nov 25 22:08:47:668 2018 IRF1 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/51 changed to down.
%Nov 25 22:08:49:594 2018 IRF1 STM/3/STM_LINK_DOWN: IRF port 2 went down.
%Nov 25 22:08:49:606 2018 IRF1 IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/50 changed to down.
%Nov 25 22:08:49:612 2018 IRF1 IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/50 changed to down.
[IRF1]
[IRF2]%Nov 25 22:08:46:254 2018 IRF2 STM/6/STM_LINK_UP: IRF port 1 came up.//已经重启
system-view //在IRF设备重启后，暂时不会完成立即IRF，此时依旧显示“IRF2”
System View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.
[IRF2]int r t 2/0/50 to t 2/0/51
[IRF2-if-range]shu
[IRF2-if-range]und shu //重新关闭关闭，开启物理接口。此时可能已经重启 启动后，如果成功那么IRF2会变成IRF1
步骤4，IRF实施完毕后的验证
[IRF1]display irf
MemberID Role Priority CPU-Mac Description
*+1 Master 32 90c6-26d7-0104 ---
2 Standby 1 90c6-2ea5-0204 ---
--------------------------------------------------
* indicates the device is the master.
+ indicates the device through which the user logs in.
The bridge MAC of the IRF is: 90c6-26d7-0100
Auto upgrade : yes
Mac persistent : 6 min
Domain ID : 0
[IRF1]dis irf link
Member 1
IRF Port Interface Status
1 disable --
2 Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/50 UP
Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/51 UP
Member 2
IRF Port Interface Status
1 Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/50 UP
Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/51 DOWN
2 disable --
[IRF1]dis irf topology
Topology Info
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRF-Port1 IRF-Port2
MemberID Link neighbor Link neighbor Belong To
1 DIS --- UP 2 90c6-26d7-0104
2 UP 1 DIS --- 90c6-26d7-0104
[IRF1]dis irf conf
MemberID NewID IRF-Port1 IRF-Port2
1 1 disable Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/50
Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/51
2 2 Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/50 disable
Ten-GigabitEthernet2/0/51
chassis convert mode irf //切换到IRF工作模式（模拟器不支持）
其他厂商还支持VSS、CSS等类似技术，敬请期待乾颐堂安德培训和课程（QCNA、QCIE）